Health conditions and diseases starting with R. Get comprehensive insights into symptoms, causes, and treatment methods for better health.
Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) that selectively inhibits factor Xa, thereby preventing thrombin generation and clot formation. It is commonly prescribed for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, treatment and prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). While apixaban offers a predictable pharmacokinetic profile and reduced monitoring requirements, major bleeding or
Rett syndrome is a rare, progressive neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects females and leads to severe cognitive, motor, and communicative impairments. Caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene on the X chromosome, Rett syndrome manifests in early childhood and follows a characteristic clinical course with stages of regression. Though often misdiagnosed as autism or cerebral
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder of the retina that primarily affects premature infants with low birth weight. Characterized by abnormal development of retinal blood vessels, ROP can lead to retinal detachment and blindness if untreated. With improvements in neonatal care, ROP has become a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide. Pathophysiology:
Retinoblastoma is a rare but aggressive malignant tumor that originates in the retina, primarily affecting infants and young children. It represents the most common primary intraocular cancer in childhood and demands swift intervention to preserve both vision and life. Early diagnosis, genetic counseling, and targeted treatment have significantly improved outcomes in recent decades. Genetic Origins
Retinal vascular occlusion is a critical ophthalmologic condition resulting from blockage in the retinal arteries or veins. It is often referred to as an “eye stroke” due to its sudden onset and potential for rapid vision loss. As a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment, timely recognition and intervention are essential. This condition encompasses two
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy arising from parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid, accounting for approximately 3–4% of all thyroid cancers. RET mutations are a defining molecular feature in both hereditary and a significant subset of sporadic MTC cases. RET-mutant MTC is characterized by constitutive activation of the RET proto-oncogene, leading to dysregulated
RET (REarranged during Transfection) gene fusions are oncogenic drivers identified across various solid tumor types. These fusions result in a chimeric oncoprotein combining the RET tyrosine kinase domain with a partner gene, promoting constitutive kinase activation and unregulated cell growth. RET fusions have been detected in: RET fusion-positive tumors often exhibit aggressive behavior but are
RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer represents a distinct molecular subset of differentiated thyroid cancers, predominantly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC). RET (rearranged during transfection) is a proto-oncogene encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell proliferation and survival. RET fusions occur when the RET kinase domain becomes aberrantly activated through fusion
RET (Rearranged during Transfection) fusion-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents a rare but clinically significant molecular subset of lung adenocarcinoma. RET gene fusions result from chromosomal rearrangements that juxtapose the RET tyrosine kinase domain to partner genes such as KIF5B, CCDC6, or NCOA4, leading to aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. RET fusion
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, is a neurological sensorimotor disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs. This urge typically intensifies during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly in the evening or at night, leading to sleep disturbances and significant reductions in quality of life. Key Characteristics and Symptoms