Health conditions and diseases starting with R. Get comprehensive insights into symptoms, causes, and treatment methods for better health.
The opioid overdose crisis remains a global public health emergency, driven by both prescription opioids and illicit substances such as fentanyl. To address the escalating rates of opioid-related morbidity and mortality, it is essential to implement robust, evidence-based risk mitigation strategies. These measures encompass preventive interventions, clinical oversight, harm reduction practices, and rapid response systems
Right-sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis is a serious and increasingly prevalent form of infective endocarditis, primarily affecting the tricuspid valve. It is particularly associated with intravenous drug use (IVDU), indwelling catheters, and prosthetic cardiac devices. The pathogenicity of S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), results in rapid valve destruction, septic embolization, and significant morbidity if untreated.
Rickettsialpox is an acute, self-limiting zoonotic disease caused by Rickettsia akari, a member of the spotted fever group (SFG) of Rickettsiae. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mites—primarily the house mouse mite (Liponyssoides sanguineus). Despite its rarity, rickettsialpox remains a notable example of an urban rickettsial disease and is endemic in
Rickettsial infection refers to a group of zoonotic diseases caused by obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Rickettsia and related organisms. These pathogens are primarily transmitted to humans through vectors such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites. The diseases can range from mild febrile illnesses to severe, life-threatening conditions. Classification and Types of Rickettsial
Rickets is a pediatric skeletal disorder resulting from defective mineralization of the growth plates due to prolonged deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. The condition leads to bone softening and deformities, most commonly in children aged 6 months to 3 years, during periods of rapid growth. Unlike osteomalacia, which affects adults, rickets occurs in
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a water-soluble vitamin critical to numerous cellular processes. It acts as a precursor to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), both essential coenzymes in redox reactions, energy production, and metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids. Riboflavin also supports the maintenance of healthy mucous membranes, skin, eyes,
Rhinorrhea, commonly known as a runny nose, is characterized by excessive nasal discharge. It may present as a watery, mucoid, or purulent fluid and can result from a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Rhinorrhea can be acute or chronic, unilateral or bilateral, and may be associated with other symptoms such as nasal congestion,
Rhinocerebral phycomycosis, also referred to as rhinocerebral mucormycosis, is a fulminant, angioinvasive fungal infection predominantly caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, especially Rhizopus species. This rare but rapidly progressing condition primarily affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, especially in the context of ketoacidosis. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive management are critical to
Rhinitis is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa, a condition characterized by symptoms such as nasal congestion, rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, and itching. This widespread condition can be acute or chronic, allergic or non-allergic, and it significantly impacts quality of life and productivity. Prompt recognition and tailored management are essential for effective symptom control. Classification
Treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with an elevated risk of gastric ulcers presents a significant clinical challenge. These patients require anti-inflammatory therapy to control autoimmune joint inflammation while minimizing the gastrointestinal (GI) complications frequently associated with conventional treatment options. Effective management requires a tailored approach that balances disease control with gastroprotection. Pathophysiology of RA