Health conditions and diseases starting with P. Explore reliable details on symptoms, causes, and treatments to protect your well-being.
Paralytic ileus is a functional impairment of intestinal motility without a mechanical obstruction, frequently encountered after abdominal or spinal surgeries. The condition leads to delayed gastrointestinal recovery, prolonged hospital stays, increased healthcare costs, and elevated morbidity. Therefore, robust preventive measures are essential to mitigate the onset and severity of this postoperative complication. Risk Factors Necessitating
Paralytic ileus, also known as functional bowel obstruction, is a temporary cessation of peristalsis in the intestines without any physical blockage. Unlike mechanical obstruction, paralytic ileus disrupts the coordinated muscular contractions required to move contents through the gastrointestinal tract. This condition is frequently observed postoperatively, especially following abdominal or pelvic surgeries, but can also be
Paragangliomas are rare, typically benign neuroendocrine tumors arising from the paraganglia—a collection of chromaffin cells located outside the adrenal glands. These tumors are closely related to pheochromocytomas, which occur within the adrenal medulla. While many paragangliomas are nonfunctional, some produce catecholamines, leading to significant clinical manifestations. Paragangliomas are classified based on their location: Etiology and
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic granulomatous fungal infection caused primarily by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Endemic to Latin America, particularly Brazil, PCM primarily affects the lungs and mucocutaneous membranes and can disseminate to other organs. The disease represents a significant public health issue in rural agricultural regions, where exposure to soil-dwelling fungi is common.
Panic disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks—sudden episodes of intense fear or discomfort that reach a peak within minutes. These episodes are often accompanied by overwhelming physical symptoms and persistent concern about future attacks, leading to significant impairment in daily functioning. The disorder typically emerges in late adolescence
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) are a rare subset of pancreatic neoplasms that originate from the hormone-producing islet cells of the pancreas. Unlike the more common pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pNETs tend to have a slower progression but can still be malignant and potentially life-threatening. These tumors can be either functioning, secreting hormones that cause clinical syndromes, or
Pain treatment adjuncts are therapeutic measures that complement primary analgesic regimens to enhance pain relief, reduce drug dependency, and address the multifactorial nature of pain. These interventions may be pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic, targeting both nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms. As the global burden of acute and chronic pain rises, adjunctive therapies play an increasingly critical role
Osteoblastic bone metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells to the bone, resulting in abnormal bone formation. Unlike osteolytic lesions that involve bone degradation, osteoblastic (or osteosclerotic) metastases are characterized by excessive bone deposition. This pathological remodeling disrupts normal bone architecture and leads to significant, often debilitating pain. Common primary malignancies associated with osteoblastic
Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, often leading to persistent and severe pain. The pain associated with endometriosis is not merely a symptom but a complex manifestation involving inflammation, nerve infiltration, and hormonal imbalances. It significantly impairs quality of life and may lead to infertility, fatigue, and emotional
Pain is a complex physiological and psychological response to potential or actual tissue damage. It serves as a critical warning system that prompts individuals to protect their bodies and seek treatment. While often perceived as a symptom, pain is recognized in modern medicine as a disease entity in itself, especially in chronic forms. Classification of