Health conditions and diseases starting with P. Explore reliable details on symptoms, causes, and treatments to protect your well-being.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) refers to a diverse group of rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) derived from mature T-lymphocytes. Unlike B-cell lymphomas, PTCLs exhibit complex clinical behaviors and are frequently associated with poor prognosis due to late-stage detection and limited response to conventional therapies. Accounting for approximately 10–15% of all NHLs in Western populations,
Peripheral mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) refers to the clinical process of inducing the movement of stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, allowing for their subsequent collection via apheresis. This technique has revolutionized hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), offering a less invasive and more efficient alternative to direct bone marrow
Peripheral edema due to chronic heart failure (CHF) is a hallmark clinical feature reflecting systemic fluid overload. This condition is most often observed in the lower limbs—ankles, feet, and legs—manifesting as pitting edema that worsens with dependency and improves with elevation. Chronic heart failure disrupts normal hemodynamic balance, leading to sodium and water retention through
Peripheral edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial tissues, most commonly observed in the lower extremities such as the feet, ankles, and legs. It is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom indicative of underlying systemic or localized conditions. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance between capillary filtration and lymphatic
Peripheral arterial thromboembolism is a critical vascular condition resulting from the obstruction of peripheral arteries by embolic material, often originating from the heart or proximal arterial segments. These emboli can rapidly occlude blood flow to distal limbs, leading to acute limb ischemia, tissue necrosis, or amputation if not promptly managed. Effective prevention is paramount to
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), also referred to as peripheral artery disease (PAD), is a chronic circulatory condition characterized by narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to the limbs, most commonly the legs. PAOD is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis, often affecting the lower extremities due to plaque buildup in peripheral arteries. This results in
Peripheral arterial embolism (PAE) is a sudden blockage of an artery in the limbs due to an embolus—commonly a blood clot—that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a peripheral artery. This condition leads to acute limb ischemia, a vascular emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent permanent tissue damage or limb loss. Pathophysiology
Perioperative tachycardia is defined as a sustained heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute occurring before, during, or after surgery. As a clinical sign, it is often multifactorial—linked to autonomic imbalance, pharmacologic effects, surgical stress, hypovolemia, pain, or occult pathology. Failure to identify and address tachycardia intraoperatively or postoperatively may result in increased cardiac workload,
Perioperative mydriasis refers to the dilation of the pupils during or around the time of surgery, typically resulting from pharmacological, physiological, or pathological stimuli. While often benign, in certain contexts—especially ophthalmologic procedures, neurosurgery, or anesthesia-sensitive cases—persistent or unexpected mydriasis may indicate significant underlying issues requiring prompt evaluation. Understanding the Mechanisms Behind Perioperative Mydriasis Pupil size
Perioperative hypertension refers to elevated blood pressure occurring in the preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative phases of surgery. It is a critical clinical entity associated with heightened cardiovascular risk, cerebrovascular events, and surgical complications. Optimal management is essential to minimize morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with known hypertension or cardiovascular comorbidities. Etiology and Risk Factors