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Re-bleeding from an acute gastrointestinal ulcer is a serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in therapeutic endoscopy and pharmacologic interventions, recurrence remains a risk, particularly within the first 72 hours post-bleed. Effective prevention requires a multifaceted approach combining endoscopic management, pharmacotherapy, eradication of underlying causes, and long-term risk reduction strategies. Understanding

Bacterial skin infections, though often minor, can lead to discomfort and complications when left untreated. Ensuring the integrity of the skin through proper hygiene, immediate wound care, and preventive routines is essential in minimizing infection risk. In this article, we explore comprehensive, medically supported strategies to prevent minor bacterial skin infections such as folliculitis, impetigo,

Extracorporeal clotting during hemodialysis is a critical complication that compromises treatment efficacy, patient safety, and equipment longevity. This phenomenon occurs when blood components activate coagulation pathways while in contact with the dialysis circuit, leading to clot formation outside the body. Proper prevention and management of this condition require a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving pharmacologic, mechanical,

Presbyopia is an age-related refractive error that results in the gradual loss of the eye’s ability to focus on nearby objects. It is a natural part of aging and typically becomes noticeable in individuals over the age of 40. While presbyopia is not classified as a disease, it can significantly affect quality of life if

Preoperative bowel preparation is a critical part of the surgical process, especially for surgeries involving the gastrointestinal tract, such as colon surgeries or colonoscopies. Proper bowel preparation ensures a cleaner, safer procedure, reducing complications, improving visibility, and enhancing the effectiveness of the surgery. Understanding the different aspects of bowel prep, including methods, timing, and the

Preoperative anxiety is a common psychological response experienced by patients in anticipation of surgery. It encompasses the fear, nervousness, or distress experienced before undergoing a surgical procedure, and it can significantly affect both the patient’s emotional well-being and their recovery process. With an increasing number of people undergoing surgical procedures worldwide, understanding and managing preoperative

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is a rare but serious genetic metabolic disorder that affects the body’s ability to break down certain fats and proteins. This condition is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which is involved in metabolizing specific amino acids and lipids. As a result, toxic levels of methylmalonic acid build up

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects a small but significant number of women, typically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Unlike general PMS, which is characterized by mild mood swings and discomfort, PMDD involves more intense and disruptive symptoms that can impair daily functioning. PMDD

Premenopausal acquired hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a form of female sexual dysfunction characterized by a persistent or recurrent lack of sexual thoughts, fantasies, and desire for sexual activity that causes significant distress or interpersonal difficulty. It is considered “acquired” when it develops after a period of normal sexual desire, and “premenopausal” when it

Premature labor, also known as preterm labor, occurs when uterine contractions begin to open the cervix after 20 weeks and before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. This condition can result in preterm birth, leading to potential health risks for the newborn, especially if the organs are not fully developed. Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms of