Health conditions and diseases starting with P. Explore reliable details on symptoms, causes, and treatments to protect your well-being.
Punctate keratitis is a clinical condition marked by inflammation of the cornea, specifically presenting as multiple small epithelial erosions or opacities. These punctate lesions are most commonly seen on the anterior corneal surface and are detectable through slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fluorescein staining. Although often benign, punctate keratitis can significantly affect visual clarity and ocular comfort,
Punctate epithelial keratopathy (PEK), also known as superficial punctate keratitis (SPK), is a condition characterized by small, dot-like defects or lesions in the corneal epithelium. These lesions are often visible through fluorescein staining during slit-lamp examination and are associated with various ocular surface disorders. Though typically non-infectious, PEK may cause significant ocular discomfort and visual
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and potentially life-threatening infection caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs but can spread to other organs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Despite global efforts to eliminate TB, it remains a major public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Etiology: Understanding the
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), a manifestation of venous thromboembolism (VTE), is a preventable but often fatal condition resulting from the obstruction of the pulmonary arteries by thrombotic material. Prevention strategies must be rigorously implemented, particularly in hospitalized and high-risk patients, to reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Identifying Risk Factors for Pulmonary Thromboembolism Effective prevention begins
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), commonly referred to as pulmonary embolism, is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the obstruction of the pulmonary arteries by thrombi, typically originating from deep veins in the lower extremities. It constitutes a major component of venous thromboembolism (VTE), alongside deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The prompt recognition and treatment of PTE are
Pulmonary multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a severe and escalating public health crisis, marked by resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent first-line antitubercular drugs. This resistance complicates treatment, prolongs infectiousness, and elevates mortality rates. The disease primarily affects the lungs, facilitating airborne transmission and making containment efforts challenging in
Pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) is a complex and progressive cardiopulmonary disorder in which elevated pulmonary arterial pressure occurs secondary to chronic fibrotic lung disease. This combination significantly worsens morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. Understanding the intersection of these two pathologies is critical for early detection, appropriate classification, and individualized treatment
Pulmonary emphysema is a serious and progressive lung condition characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, leading to reduced oxygen exchange and difficulty breathing. While most cases of emphysema are linked to smoking and environmental factors, a specific genetic condition known as alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency) plays a crucial role in the development
Pulmonary emphysema is a progressive and debilitating lung condition that affects the alveoli, the small air sacs in the lungs. As the alveoli become damaged and lose their elasticity, it becomes increasingly difficult for individuals to breathe, leading to reduced oxygen exchange. Pulmonary emphysema is one of the primary diseases under the umbrella of Chronic
Pulmonary edema is a serious condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to impaired oxygen exchange and difficulty breathing. When caused by chronic heart failure, pulmonary edema is a complex and progressive issue that significantly impacts the patient’s quality of life. Understanding the relationship between heart failure and pulmonary edema is essential for