Diseases starting with O. Find detailed information on symptoms, risk factors, and effective treatment plans for optimal health.
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is one of the most prevalent and distressing adverse effects of opioid therapy. Unlike other opioid side effects such as sedation or nausea that may diminish with time, OIC tends to persist throughout treatment and often worsens. It significantly affects patients’ quality of life, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes, particularly in individuals
Opioid withdrawal is a clinical syndrome that occurs when a person who is physically dependent on opioids abruptly reduces or stops usage. It is the result of the body’s adaptation to prolonged opioid exposure and manifests through a constellation of physical and psychological symptoms. Although rarely life-threatening, opioid withdrawal can be intensely uncomfortable and often
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing medical condition characterized by the compulsive use of opioids despite harmful consequences. It involves both physical dependence and behavioral addiction. The disorder spans across the misuse of prescription opioids such as oxycodone, morphine, and hydrocodone, as well as illicit substances like heroin and synthetic opioids, including fentanyl.
The global opioid crisis has emerged as a significant public health emergency. Opioid overdose, a leading cause of preventable death, results from the excessive consumption of opioid drugs, which suppress the central nervous system—particularly the respiratory centers in the brainstem. Prompt recognition, timely intervention, and strategic prevention measures are essential in reducing mortality and long-term
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) remains one of the most critical and potentially fatal complications associated with opioid therapy. As opioid analgesics continue to be essential in the management of moderate to severe pain, especially in perioperative, palliative, and chronic pain settings, implementing robust prophylactic measures is vital to reduce the risk of respiratory compromise. Our
Ophthalmic angiography is an essential diagnostic technique used to visualize the retinal and choroidal vasculature in vivo. This non-invasive or minimally invasive imaging procedure plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of a wide range of ocular diseases, especially those involving the retinal and choroidal circulation. It provides high-resolution images that help
Ophthalmia sympathetic, medically termed sympathetic ophthalmia, is a rare but serious bilateral granulomatous uveitis that occurs after penetrating trauma or intraocular surgery in one eye. The condition may lead to vision loss in both eyes if not identified and managed promptly. The unaffected eye, known as the sympathizing eye, becomes inflamed due to an autoimmune
Ophthalmia neonatorum, also known as neonatal conjunctivitis, is a form of eye infection occurring within the first 28 days of life. It is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva—the clear membrane lining the eyelids and covering the white part of the eyes. This condition demands immediate medical attention due to the risk of corneal damage
Lens operations, commonly referred to as eye lens surgeries, are performed to restore or improve vision affected by various ocular conditions. These procedures are primarily conducted to remove and replace a clouded natural lens, typically caused by cataracts, or to correct refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism through refractive lens exchange (RLE). Advancements
Open heart surgery, a critical life-saving procedure, inherently carries the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The sternotomy incision, prolonged exposure of internal structures, and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) systems increase susceptibility to microbial contamination. Effective infection prevention protocols are paramount for improving patient outcomes and reducing postoperative morbidity