Diseases starting with O. Find detailed information on symptoms, risk factors, and effective treatment plans for optimal health.
Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and an increased risk of fractures. This condition affects millions worldwide, particularly postmenopausal women and the elderly, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The Science of Bone Remodeling and Osteoporosis Bone tissue
Osteopenia of prematurity (OOP), also known as metabolic bone disease of prematurity, is a condition marked by decreased bone mineral content and reduced bone strength in preterm infants. It primarily affects infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or those with very low birth weight (<1500 g), due to interrupted transplacental mineral transfer and postnatal
Osteomyelitis is a serious infection of the bone characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and new bone formation. It can result from hematogenous spread, direct inoculation from trauma or surgery, or contiguous spread from nearby infections. Prompt recognition and aggressive management are crucial to prevent chronic complications, bone destruction, or systemic involvement. Pathophysiology of Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis occurs
Osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease characterized by the softening of bones due to impaired bone mineralization. It predominantly occurs in adults and is commonly caused by prolonged vitamin D deficiency. Unlike osteoporosis, which results in decreased bone mass, osteomalacia affects the quality of bone, making it weak, pliable, and susceptible to fractures and deformities.
Osteolytic bone metastases are a common and serious complication of advanced breast cancer. These metastases occur when malignant breast cancer cells migrate from the primary tumor site to the bone, disrupting the normal balance of bone remodeling and leading to localized bone destruction. The result is weakened skeletal structure, pain, and increased fracture risk. Among
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), commonly referred to as brittle bone disease, is a rare, inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by extreme bone fragility, recurrent fractures, and skeletal deformities. It results primarily from mutations in genes responsible for the production of type I collagen, a key structural protein in bone, skin, and other tissues. The condition varies
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive breakdown of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and inflammation of the synovium. As the most common form of arthritis affecting the knee joint, OA leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and functional limitations, especially in older adults. The condition often worsens over
osteoarthritis in patient at high gastric ulcer risk: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, joint pain, and functional impairment. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain a cornerstone of pharmacologic therapy for OA. However, in patients with a high risk of gastric ulcers, such treatment presents a serious concern due to gastrointestinal
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, characterized by the gradual degradation of articular cartilage and underlying bone in synovial joints. It is a progressive, chronic joint disorder that primarily affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine. The condition results in pain, stiffness, reduced function, and a significant decline in quality of life.
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, also referred to as oral thrush, is a fungal infection of the oral cavity and pharynx, primarily caused by the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans. It manifests as white or creamy plaques on the tongue, inner cheeks, and throat, and is often associated with discomfort, altered taste, and in severe cases, difficulty swallowing. This