Navigate health conditions and diseases starting with N. Explore expert advice on symptoms, causes, and treatment to improve your wellness today.
Neurosyphilis is a severe manifestation of Treponema pallidum infection, occurring when syphilis invades the central nervous system (CNS). Although primarily associated with late-stage syphilis, it can develop at any stage, causing neurological and psychiatric symptoms. If left untreated, neurosyphilis can lead to permanent brain and spinal cord damage, significantly impacting cognitive and motor functions. This
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI), affecting a significant proportion of patients. It arises due to damage to the spinal cord and nerves, leading to abnormal pain processing. Unlike nociceptive pain, which results from direct tissue damage, neuropathic pain is caused by maladaptive nerve signaling. This condition significantly impacts quality
Neuropathic pain is a complex, chronic pain condition caused by damage or dysfunction of the nervous system. Unlike nociceptive pain, which results from tissue injury or inflammation, neuropathic pain arises from abnormal nerve signaling. It can be spontaneous, persistent, or triggered by stimuli that normally do not cause pain. Common conditions associated with neuropathic pain
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening reaction to neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications. It is characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction. NMS results from dopamine receptor blockade in the central nervous system, leading to dysregulation of body temperature, motor control, and autonomic function. Without prompt recognition and treatment, it
Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a condition characterized by involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle due to neurological impairment. This results in urinary urgency, incontinence, and potential kidney damage if left untreated. NDO commonly occurs in individuals with spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, stroke, or other neurological disorders. Effective management involves medications, catheterization, neurostimulation, and
Neurogenic bladder is a medical condition resulting from nerve damage that disrupts bladder function, leading to urinary retention, incontinence, and frequent infections. The condition can arise from spinal cord injuries, neurological disorders, diabetes, or congenital anomalies. Effective management requires a combination of medications, catheterization, surgery, and lifestyle modifications. This article explores the causes, symptoms, diagnostic
Neurofibromatosis type 1 with plexiform neurofibromas: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple nerve sheath tumors, known as neurofibromas. A subset of these, called plexiform neurofibromas (PNs), are more extensive, involve multiple nerve branches, and can cause significant disfigurement, pain, and neurological complications. NF1 is caused by mutations
Neuroendocrine prostate carcinoma (NEPC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer that arises from neuroendocrine cells within the prostate. Unlike conventional adenocarcinoma, which is androgen-dependent, NEPC is typically androgen-independent, making it resistant to traditional hormonal therapies. NEPC accounts for less than 2% of primary prostate cancers but can emerge as a treatment-resistant variant
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by the larvae of Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm. It is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide, particularly in endemic regions such as Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Transmission occurs through ingestion of T. solium eggs, often via
Neuroblastoma is a rare pediatric cancer that originates in the sympathetic nervous system, often affecting the adrenal glands or nerve tissue along the spine. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounting for 8-10% of all childhood cancers. Most cases occur in children under 5 years of age, with approximately 90% diagnosed