Identify diseases and conditions starting with I Learn about symptoms causes and treatments to stay informed and improve your overall health knowledge
Infections are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that invade the body, resulting in illness or disease. These pathogens can spread in various ways, posing a significant health risk. Understanding the types, symptoms, and preventive measures can help mitigate their impact. Types of Infections Bacterial Infections Bacterial infections are caused by
Infantile spasms (IS), also known as West syndrome, are a rare yet serious type of epilepsy that occurs in infants, typically between 3 to 12 months of age. These seizures are characterized by sudden, brief movements that often appear as head drops, arm jerks, or body stiffening. Causes of Infantile Spasms Infantile spasms can result
Infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the white matter of the brain and nervous system. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme arylsulfatase A (ARSA), resulting in the accumulation of sulfatides that damage the myelin sheath. This progressive condition is most commonly diagnosed in infancy, posing severe developmental
Infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessively dense bones due to defective bone resorption. This condition, also known as malignant infantile osteopetrosis, severely impairs bone marrow function and can be life-threatening if untreated. Causes of Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis IMO is primarily caused by mutations in genes that regulate osteoclast function,
Infantile hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects bone mineralization, leading to skeletal deformities, respiratory issues, and severe developmental concerns. This condition occurs due to mutations in the ALPL gene, which encodes the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase enzyme (TNSALP). Causes and Genetic Basis Infantile hypophosphatasia results from mutations in the ALPL gene. This
Infantile autism, also known as early childhood autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in early childhood. It is characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors. This condition typically becomes evident before the age of three. Symptoms of Infantile Autism Identifying the symptoms early is crucial for effective intervention. Common signs
Infant botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the ingestion of Clostridium botulinum spores, which produce a powerful neurotoxin in the baby’s intestines. This condition primarily affects infants under 12 months of age due to their immature digestive systems. Causes of Infant Botulism The primary cause of infant botulism is the ingestion of
Induction of labor refers to the process of stimulating uterine contractions before spontaneous labor begins to achieve a vaginal birth. It is performed using medical or mechanical methods when continuing the pregnancy poses potential risks to the mother or baby. When is Labor Induction Recommended? Labor induction is recommended under specific medical conditions, including: Methods
Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is a significant concern during surgical procedures, characterized by a sudden and sustained drop in blood pressure. Effective management is essential to prevent adverse outcomes such as organ dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and increased mortality. Understanding Intraoperative Hypotension Intraoperative hypotension is typically defined by a mean arterial pressure (MAP) below 65 mmHg or
Anterograde amnesia is a condition characterized by the inability to form new memories following the onset of brain damage or trauma. This condition contrasts with retrograde amnesia, which affects past memories. Inducing anterograde amnesia can be intentional in controlled medical settings or may occur accidentally. Mechanisms of Memory Formation To understand how anterograde amnesia is