Health conditions and diseases starting with H Find trusted details on symptoms causes and treatments to take charge of your health with confidence
HER2 Negative Advanced Female Breast Cancer is one of the most common subtypes of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 70% of all breast cancer diagnoses. This subtype is characterized by cancer cells that express hormone receptors (estrogen or progesterone) but lack human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. Understanding HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer HR-positive
Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer is a subtype of breast cancer that tests positive for hormone receptors but lacks human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. This subtype constitutes a significant portion of breast cancer cases, predominantly affecting postmenopausal women. Understanding Hormone Receptors and HER2 Status Hormone receptors are proteins that bind
Horizontal forehead lines are a common aesthetic concern that often develop with age. These lines can appear due to natural skin aging, repeated facial expressions, and environmental factors. Understanding their causes and effective treatment options can help in achieving smoother and younger-looking skin. Causes of Horizontal Forehead Lines 1. Aging Process As we age, collagen
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare but severe genetic disorder that results in extremely high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from birth. Without prompt and aggressive treatment, HoFH can lead to early cardiovascular disease and reduced life expectancy. What is Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia? HoFH is an inherited condition where a person receives defective
Homocystinuria type III is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by elevated homocysteine levels in the blood. This condition results from mutations in the MTHFR gene, which impacts the body’s ability to process homocysteine properly. As a subtype of homocystinuria, type III presents unique clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches. What Causes Homocystinuria Type III?
Homocystinuria Type I is a rare genetic disorder characterized by elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood and urine. It results from a deficiency in the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), which is crucial for metabolizing the amino acid homocysteine. This condition, if untreated, can lead to severe complications affecting multiple organs and systems. Causes of
Homocystinuria is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the inability of the body to properly process the amino acid methionine. It results from mutations in genes responsible for enzyme production, particularly the CBS gene, which affects cystathionine beta-synthase enzyme function. This enzyme deficiency causes elevated levels of homocysteine in the blood and urine, leading to
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin’s disease, is a type of lymphoma that affects the lymphatic system, a crucial part of the immune system. This malignancy is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which distinguish it from other forms of lymphoma. Causes and Risk Factors The exact cause of Hodgkin’s lymphoma remains unclear, but
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a powerful strategy for preventing HIV infection. This medical intervention involves taking antiretroviral medications to reduce the risk of contracting HIV in individuals who are HIV-negative but at high risk of exposure. How Does PrEP Work? PrEP medications contain two key antiretroviral drugs: These medications prevent the HIV virus from establishing
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that targets the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), leading to a progressive decline in immune function. If untreated, HIV can advance to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most severe phase of HIV infection. Understanding the intricacies of HIV infection is crucial for effective prevention,