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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a serious medical condition with a high likelihood of neuropsychiatric complications. Among these, depressive disorders are one of the most common and debilitating. The relationship between TBI and depression is complex, involving neurological, biochemical, and psychological factors. Understanding the mechanisms and management of post-TBI depression is crucial to improving patient
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression. While mood stabilizers are the foundation of treatment, depressive episodes can be particularly challenging to manage, often necessitating adjunctive therapies. This article explores the most effective pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and lifestyle-based adjunctive treatments for bipolar depression. Pharmacological Adjuncts Antidepressants as Adjunctive
Bipolar disorder, historically termed manic-depressive illness, is a complex mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, encompassing emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). While manic episodes are often conspicuous, the depressive phases can be equally, if not more, debilitating, profoundly affecting an individual’s daily functioning and quality of life. This article delves
Depression, clinically referred to as major depressive disorder (MDD), is a serious mental health condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. It is characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, and a range of emotional and physical symptoms that can significantly impact one’s quality of life. While occasional feelings of sadness are
Denture stomatitis, also known as denture-induced stomatitis or chronic atrophic candidiasis, is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting individuals who wear removable dentures. It is characterized by erythema and swelling of the oral mucosa in areas covered by the denture. This condition is commonly associated with the overgrowth of Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, and is
Dental plaque is a sticky, colorless film of bacteria that forms on teeth and gums. If not properly managed, it can lead to cavities, gum disease, and tartar buildup. Preventing plaque requires a combination of daily oral hygiene practices and professional dental care. Causes of Dental Plaque Formation Plaque develops when bacteria in the mouth
Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, poses a significant public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The development and deployment of effective dengue vaccines are crucial components in combating this disease. This article provides an in-depth analysis of dengue vaccination, encompassing available vaccines, their efficacy, recommended usage, and the broader implications for global
Demodex blepharitis is a prevalent yet often underdiagnosed condition characterized by inflammation of the eyelid margins due to an overabundance of Demodex mites. These microscopic parasites inhabit human hair follicles and sebaceous glands, particularly around the eyes, leading to various ocular surface issues. Demodex Mites: An Overview Two species primarily affect humans: While typically harmless,
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of abnormal protein deposits known as Lewy bodies in the brain. This condition shares symptoms with both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, making accurate diagnosis challenging. It is the second most common type of progressive dementia after Alzheimer’s, affecting cognitive functions,
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is primarily recognized for its motor symptoms, such as tremors, muscle rigidity, and bradykinesia. However, a significant portion of individuals with PD also develop cognitive decline, culminating in a condition known as Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). This article provides a comprehensive overview of PDD, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and management strategies.