Keloids are raised, thickened areas of scar tissue that extend beyond the original wound’s boundaries. They result from an overproduction of collagen during the healing process. Unlike typical scars, keloids do not regress over time and may continue to grow. Commonly affected areas include the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks, and chest. Symptoms and Characteristics Keloids
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral brain infection caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), transmitted through mosquito bites. It primarily affects individuals in rural and agricultural regions of Asia and the Western Pacific. The infection can lead to neurological complications, coma, and even death in severe cases. Importance of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination Vaccination is
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential for breaking down leucine, an amino acid found in proteins. Without proper enzyme function, toxic levels of isovaleric acid accumulate in the body, leading to serious health complications. Causes and Genetic Basis
Iritis, or anterior uveitis, is the inflammation of the iris—the colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil. This condition can cause discomfort, light sensitivity, and vision problems. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent potential complications. Understanding Iritis The uvea is the middle layer of the eye, comprising the iris, ciliary body, and
Iridocyclitis, also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body. It is a common form of uveitis, leading to eye pain, redness, photophobia, and vision disturbances. If left untreated, it can cause severe complications, including glaucoma, cataracts, and permanent vision loss. Understanding its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment is
Iodine deficiency is a global health concern, affecting millions and leading to severe thyroid-related disorders. As an essential micronutrient, iodine plays a critical role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and cognitive function. A lack of adequate iodine intake can result in hypothyroidism, goiter, and developmental impairments, particularly in pregnant women
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract intubation involves the insertion of tubes into the stomach or intestines for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This article provides an in-depth examination of GI intubation procedures, their indications, techniques, and associated clinical considerations. Overview of Gastrointestinal Intubation GI intubation encompasses various procedures aimed at accessing the digestive tract. These procedures are essential
Hiccups, medically termed “singultus,” are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm followed by a sudden closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic “hic” sound. While common hiccups are transient and resolve spontaneously, intractable hiccups persist beyond 48 hours and can lead to significant discomfort and health complications. This article delves into the etiology, potential consequences,
Eczema, clinically known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by redness, itching, and dryness. While many individuals experience manageable symptoms, a subset of patients endures intractable eczema, where conventional treatments fail to provide relief. This article delves into the complexities of intractable eczema, exploring its causes, challenges, and advanced therapeutic approaches.
Intracranial hypertension (IH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) when no specific cause is identified, is a neurological disorder characterized by increased pressure within the skull. This elevation in intracranial pressure can lead to significant neurological impairments, including vision loss. While IH can affect individuals of all ages and genders, it