varicose veins

Varicose Veins

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that typically appear on the legs and feet due to weakened or damaged vein valves. These dysfunctional valves lead…
varicella vaccination

Varicella Vaccination

Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Though often self-limiting in children, varicella can result in…
vaginal hysterectomy infection prevention

Vaginal Hysterectomy Infection Prevention

Vaginal hysterectomy is a minimally invasive procedure preferred for treating benign gynecological conditions such as fibroids, uterine prolapse, and abnormal bleeding. Despite its advantages—reduced recovery…
vagal reflex bradycardia

Vagal Reflex Bradycardia

Vagal reflex bradycardia refers to a sudden, reflex-mediated reduction in heart rate caused by activation of the vagus nerve. This autonomic response, primarily parasympathetic in…
uveitis

Uveitis

Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, comprising the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. It plays a vital role…
urticaria causes

Urticaria

Urticaria, commonly known as hives, is a dermatological condition marked by transient, pruritic wheals or swellings on the skin due to plasma leakage from small…
urolithiasis

Urolithiasis

Urolithiasis, commonly referred to as urinary stone disease, denotes the formation of calculi (stones) within the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra.…