Organ Transplant Rejection
Organ transplant rejection is a complex immunological response wherein the recipient’s immune system identifies the transplanted organ as foreign and mounts an attack against it.…
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, autoimmune-mediated inflammatory condition that affects the mucous membranes of the mouth. Characterized by bilateral, white, lace-like lesions and,…
Optic Neuritis
Optic neuritis is an inflammatory condition affecting the optic nerve, the structure responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. This condition…
Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by a reduced drive to breathe due to the pharmacologic effects of opioid medications on the…
Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC)
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is one of the most prevalent and distressing adverse effects of opioid therapy. Unlike other opioid side effects such as sedation or…
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Opioid withdrawal is a clinical syndrome that occurs when a person who is physically dependent on opioids abruptly reduces or stops usage. It is the…
Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression Prophylaxis
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) remains one of the most critical and potentially fatal complications associated with opioid therapy. As opioid analgesics continue to be essential…
Ophthalmic Angiography
Ophthalmic angiography is an essential diagnostic technique used to visualize the retinal and choroidal vasculature in vivo. This non-invasive or minimally invasive imaging procedure plays…
Operation on Lens
Lens operations, commonly referred to as eye lens surgeries, are performed to restore or improve vision affected by various ocular conditions. These procedures are primarily…
Open Heart Surgery Infection Prevention
Open heart surgery, a critical life-saving procedure, inherently carries the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) and other healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The sternotomy incision, prolonged…