it is commonly referred to as a sore throat, is the inflammation of the pharynx — the anatomical region situated at the back of the throat. This condition, often triggered by viral or bacterial infections, affects individuals across all age groups. Pharyngitis may be acute or chronic, and understanding its underlying cause is vital for
Peyronie’s disease is a noncancerous condition characterized by the development of fibrous scar tissue, or plaque, within the penis. This leads to abnormal curvature during erections, which may result in pain, erectile dysfunction, and significant psychological distress. While the exact prevalence is unclear due to underreporting, studies estimate that Peyronie’s disease affects approximately 1 in
Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is a critical condition characterized by the failure of the normal circulatory transition that occurs after birth. It results in sustained elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), leading to right-to-left shunting of blood and severe hypoxemia. Immediate diagnosis and intervention are essential to reduce mortality and long-term morbidity. Understanding
Peritonitis is a severe and potentially life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneum—the thin layer of tissue lining the inside of the abdominal wall and covering the abdominal organs. This condition demands urgent medical attention, as delayed treatment can result in systemic infection, organ failure, or death. Understanding Peritonitis: Definition and Clinical Overview Peritonitis occurs when the
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), also referred to as Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD), is a circulatory disorder that affects the blood vessels outside the heart and brain, most commonly in the legs and arms. It leads to narrowed or blocked arteries, reducing blood flow and resulting in significant health complications if left untreated. What Is Peripheral
Peripheral mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) refers to the clinical process of inducing the movement of stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, allowing for their subsequent collection via apheresis. This technique has revolutionized hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), offering a less invasive and more efficient alternative to direct bone marrow
Peripheral edema due to chronic heart failure (CHF) is a hallmark clinical feature reflecting systemic fluid overload. This condition is most often observed in the lower limbs—ankles, feet, and legs—manifesting as pitting edema that worsens with dependency and improves with elevation. Chronic heart failure disrupts normal hemodynamic balance, leading to sodium and water retention through
Peripheral edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial tissues, most commonly observed in the lower extremities such as the feet, ankles, and legs. It is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom indicative of underlying systemic or localized conditions. The pathophysiology involves an imbalance between capillary filtration and lymphatic
Peripheral arterial thromboembolism is a critical vascular condition resulting from the obstruction of peripheral arteries by embolic material, often originating from the heart or proximal arterial segments. These emboli can rapidly occlude blood flow to distal limbs, leading to acute limb ischemia, tissue necrosis, or amputation if not promptly managed. Effective prevention is paramount to
Peripheral arterial embolism (PAE) is a sudden blockage of an artery in the limbs due to an embolus—commonly a blood clot—that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a peripheral artery. This condition leads to acute limb ischemia, a vascular emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent permanent tissue damage or limb loss. Pathophysiology