Premenopausal acquired hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is a form of female sexual dysfunction characterized by a persistent or recurrent lack of sexual thoughts, fantasies, and desire for sexual activity that causes significant distress or interpersonal difficulty. It is considered “acquired” when it develops after a period of normal sexual desire, and “premenopausal” when it
Premature labor, also known as preterm labor, occurs when uterine contractions begin to open the cervix after 20 weeks and before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. This condition can result in preterm birth, leading to potential health risks for the newborn, especially if the organs are not fully developed. Recognizing the Signs and Symptoms of
A premature infant, also referred to as a preterm baby, is born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation. With advancements in neonatal care, the survival rates for preterm infants have improved significantly, but they remain at higher risk for medical complications and developmental delays due to underdeveloped organs and systems. Classification of Prematurity
Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the most common male sexual dysfunctions, defined as ejaculation that occurs sooner than desired—either before or shortly after penetration—causing distress or frustration for one or both partners. It can affect men of all ages and is often accompanied by anxiety, reduced sexual confidence, and relationship strain. Understanding the Types
Pregnancy contraception refers to the intentional prevention of pregnancy through various birth control methods. These methods work by inhibiting ovulation, fertilization, or implantation of a fertilized egg. Choosing the right form of contraception is a critical component of family planning and reproductive health. Classification of Contraceptive Methods Contraceptive options are broadly classified based on their
Pregnancy is a transformative physiological state, characterized by the development of a fetus within the uterus, beginning with conception and culminating in childbirth. Spanning approximately 40 weeks, it is traditionally divided into three trimesters, each marked by significant changes in maternal physiology and fetal development. Understanding these stages is critical for ensuring optimal maternal and
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty at an unusually early age—before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys. This condition accelerates the body’s physical and hormonal development far earlier than expected, often leading to emotional, psychological, and physical implications that warrant medical attention. Early puberty affects approximately 1 in 5,000 to 10,000
Pre-op apprehension, also referred to as preoperative anxiety, describes the psychological distress experienced by patients before undergoing surgery. This emotional state, characterized by fear, worry, and tension, is a common yet often underestimated challenge in surgical care. Addressing pre-op apprehension is essential not only for patient comfort but also for improving surgical outcomes, reducing perioperative
Pre-existing hypertension during pregnancy, also known as chronic hypertension, refers to elevated blood pressure diagnosed before pregnancy or before 20 weeks of gestation. This condition significantly influences maternal and fetal outcomes and requires vigilant monitoring, targeted therapy, and multidisciplinary care. Classification and Diagnostic Criteria Pre-existing hypertension is classified by the American College of Obstetricians and
Angina pectoris is a clinical manifestation of myocardial ischemia, typically triggered by increased oxygen demand during physical or emotional exertion. The resulting chest discomfort stems from an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Pre-exertional prophylaxis of anginal pain is a cornerstone of ischemic heart disease management, aiming to reduce the frequency and severity of