Proteus septicemia is a critical bloodstream infection most commonly caused by Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus. Although typically associated with urinary tract infections, Proteus species can breach epithelial barriers, enter the bloodstream, and result in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), septic shock, and multi-organ dysfunction if not rapidly treated. Pathogenesis of Proteus Septicemia
Proteus pyelonephritis is a serious and potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma and collecting system caused predominantly by Proteus mirabilis. This gram-negative organism is known for its swarming motility, urease activity, and ability to form urinary stones, all of which contribute to its pathogenicity in upper urinary tract infections. Prompt recognition and targeted
Proteus prostatitis is a form of bacterial inflammation of the prostate gland predominantly caused by Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative bacillus commonly implicated in urinary tract infections. This condition may manifest acutely or chronically and is particularly challenging due to the pathogen’s virulence factors and antibiotic resistance profile. Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential for
Proteus peritonitis is a rare but severe form of intra-abdominal infection caused predominantly by Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative bacillus known for its motility and resistance characteristics. This condition often arises in the context of secondary peritonitis, particularly following gastrointestinal perforation, urological procedures, or peritoneal dialysis. Understanding its pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostic approach, and optimal therapeutic
Proteus endometritis is an uncommon but clinically significant form of endometrial infection, primarily caused by Proteus mirabilis, a gram-negative facultative anaerobe. Typically associated with polymicrobial pelvic infections, this condition arises from ascending bacterial invasion of the uterine lining and often coexists with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), postpartum infections, or post-instrumentation sepsis. Accurate diagnosis and targeted
Proteus cystitis represents a significant form of urinary tract infection (UTI) caused predominantly by Proteus mirabilis, a motile, gram-negative bacterium within the Enterobacteriaceae family. Known for its urease activity and propensity to form biofilms and urinary stones, Proteus species are especially concerning in patients with indwelling catheters or recurrent infections. Accurate recognition and effective treatment
Proteus bronchitis is a rare form of lower respiratory tract infection caused by the Proteus species, most notably Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. While these gram-negative bacilli are commonly associated with urinary tract infections, their presence in the bronchial system can lead to significant clinical complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or patients with chronic pulmonary
Prosthetic heart valve endocarditis (PVE) remains a severe and potentially life-threatening condition in cardiology and cardiac surgery. Despite advancements in valve technology and antibiotic prophylaxis, it presents with high morbidity and mortality. We examine the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current therapeutic strategies surrounding PVE, integrating current best practices and innovations. Overview of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
Propionic acidemia (PA) is a rare but serious inherited metabolic disorder belonging to the group of organic acidemias. It results from a deficiency in the enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), which is essential for breaking down certain proteins and fats. Without this enzyme, toxic levels of propionic acid accumulate in the body, leading to severe metabolic
Dextran solutions, particularly Dextran 40 and Dextran 70, are commonly used as volume expanders in medical practice, especially in emergency and critical care settings. These polysaccharide solutions are frequently administered to treat hypovolemia, shock, and blood loss, as they are effective in increasing plasma volume. However, despite their widespread use, they can occasionally trigger adverse