Salicylate intoxication is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency resulting from the ingestion of toxic doses of salicylate-containing compounds, primarily aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). This condition can…
Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recurrent preterm birth, which occurs…
The opioid overdose crisis remains a global public health emergency, driven by both prescription opioids and illicit substances such as fentanyl. To address the escalating…
Rickets is a pediatric skeletal disorder resulting from defective mineralization of the growth plates due to prolonged deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. The…
Rhinorrhea, commonly known as a runny nose, is characterized by excessive nasal discharge. It may present as a watery, mucoid, or purulent fluid and can…
Rhinocerebral phycomycosis, also referred to as rhinocerebral mucormycosis, is a fulminant, angioinvasive fungal infection predominantly caused by fungi of the order Mucorales, especially Rhizopus species.…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting synovial joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, which results from wear and tear, RA is characterized by…
Rivaroxaban, a direct Factor Xa inhibitor, is widely used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation, treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and postoperative thromboprophylaxis. While effective…
Rocuronium is an aminosteroidal nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) used widely in general anesthesia to provide muscle relaxation for tracheal intubation and surgical procedures. Its…
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are widely used during general anesthesia to facilitate intubation and provide optimal surgical conditions. Common agents in this class include…