Weight Loss in Obese Adolescents
Adolescents with a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex are classified as obese. This condition poses immediate…
Weight Loss Management for Overweight Patients with BMI 27–29
Patients with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 27 to 29.9 kg/m² fall within the overweight category. While this does not meet the obesity threshold…
Weight Loss Management for Overweight and Obese Patients
A body mass index (BMI) of 27 or greater signifies a transition from overweight into the clinical zone of obesity when accompanied by comorbid conditions.…
Weight Loss Management for Obese Patients with BMI 30
Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater, is a chronic, multifactorial disease with serious health consequences including type 2 diabetes,…
Weight Loss Due to HIV
Unintentional weight loss due to HIV remains one of the earliest and most distressing signs of disease progression, particularly in individuals who are undiagnosed, untreated,…
Vulvovaginitis
Vulvovaginitis refers to the inflammation of the vulva and vagina, resulting from infections, irritants, allergens, or systemic conditions. It is a broad clinical term encompassing…
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) represents a spectrum of precancerous lesions involving the squamous epithelium of the vulva. These changes, although non-invasive, carry the potential to…
Vitreomacular Adhesion
Vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) is a pathological condition where the vitreous gel adheres abnormally to the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp,…
Vitrectomy adjunct to enhance visualization
Vitreoretinal surgery, particularly pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), demands meticulous precision and clear intraoperative visualization. The transparent nature of vitreous gel, epiretinal membranes (ERMs), and internal…