Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination: Everything You Need to Know
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral brain infection caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), transmitted through mosquito bites. It primarily affects individuals in rural…
Isovaleric Acidemia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential for breaking…
Iritis: Causes, Symtoms
Iritis, or anterior uveitis, is the inflammation of the iris—the colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil. This condition can cause discomfort, light sensitivity,…
Iridocyclitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Iridocyclitis, also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body. It is a common form of uveitis, leading to…
Iodine Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Iodine deficiency is a global health concern, affecting millions and leading to severe thyroid-related disorders. As an essential micronutrient, iodine plays a critical role in…
Intubation of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract intubation involves the insertion of tubes into the stomach or intestines for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This article provides an in-depth examination…
Intractable Hiccups: Causes, Implications
Hiccups, medically termed "singultus," are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm followed by a sudden closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic "hic" sound. While…
Intractable Eczema: Causes, Challenges
Eczema, clinically known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by redness, itching, and dryness. While many individuals experience manageable symptoms, a…
Intracranial Hypertension: Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Treatment
Intracranial hypertension (IH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri or idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) when no specific cause is identified, is a neurological disorder characterized by…
Intraoperative Nausea and Vomiting (IONV)
Intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV) is a significant concern during surgeries, particularly under regional and general anesthesia. It can complicate the surgical process, increase morbidity,…