Precocious Puberty
Precocious puberty refers to the onset of puberty at an unusually early age—before 8 in girls and before 9 in boys. This condition accelerates the…
Pre-Op Apprehension
Pre-op apprehension, also referred to as preoperative anxiety, describes the psychological distress experienced by patients before undergoing surgery. This emotional state, characterized by fear, worry,…
Pre-Existing Hypertension During Pregnancy
Pre-existing hypertension during pregnancy, also known as chronic hypertension, refers to elevated blood pressure diagnosed before pregnancy or before 20 weeks of gestation. This condition…
Pre-Exertional Prophylaxis of Anginal Pain
Angina pectoris is a clinical manifestation of myocardial ischemia, typically triggered by increased oxygen demand during physical or emotional exertion. The resulting chest discomfort stems…
Posttransfusion Purpura (PTP)
Posttransfusion purpura (PTP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening transfusion reaction characterized by severe thrombocytopenia occurring 5 to 10 days after a transfusion of blood…
Postsurgical Vaginal Cuff Anaerobic Infections
Postsurgical vaginal cuff anaerobic infections represent a significant complication following gynecologic surgeries, especially total hysterectomy. These infections are primarily polymicrobial, with anaerobic bacteria such as…
Postsurgical Hemorrhage
Postsurgical hemorrhage refers to excessive bleeding after a surgical procedure, which can occur due to various causes. It is a major complication that requires prompt…
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major obstetric emergency and the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide. Defined as blood loss of ≥500 mL after vaginal…
Postpartum Depression
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health condition that affects mothers following childbirth. Distinguished from the more transient "baby blues," postpartum depression can impair…
Postoperative Pain Management
Effective postoperative pain control in lower extremity orthopedic procedures is essential for functional recovery, early mobilization, and prevention of chronic pain syndromes. Orthopedic surgeries involving…