Acute maxillary sinusitis, commonly referred to as a sinus infection, is an inflammation of the maxillary sinuses—the air-filled cavities located behind the cheekbones. When this condition is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, it is termed acute maxillary Haemophilus influenzae sinusitis. This article delves into the symptoms, microbiology, and treatment options for this specific type
Acute lower genitourinary gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative diplococcus. This condition primarily affects the urethra in males and the endocervix or urethra in females. Transmission occurs through unprotected sexual contact, with symptoms manifesting 2–7 days post-exposure. Left untreated, it may lead to severe complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease
The lysine methyltransferase 2A gene (KMT2A), formerly known as MLL, plays a critical role in regulating histone H3K4 methylation, a process essential for transcriptional activation. Translocations involving KMT2A are recurrent genetic abnormalities observed in 5–10% of acute leukemias, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Over 100 fusion partners have been identified, with common partners
Acute Intestinal Amebiasis Due to Entamoeba Histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of acute intestinal amebiasis, a condition affecting millions globally. This pathogen thrives in regions with inadequate sanitation, transmitting via the fecal-oral route through ingestion of cysts in contaminated food or water. Distinct from non-pathogenic amoebae like Entamoeba dispar, E. histolytica invades intestinal tissues, leading
Acute intestinal amebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan that primarily targets the large intestine. This condition manifests as severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and, in advanced cases, systemic complications. Globally, it affects approximately 50 million individuals annually, with higher prevalence in regions lacking sanitation infrastructure. Causes and Transmission Pathways Entamoeba histolytica spreads via
Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the production of heme, a critical component of hemoglobin. This condition is part of a group of disorders known as porphyrias, which are characterized by the accumulation of porphyrins and their precursors in the body. AIP is particularly notable for its episodic and potentially
Acute hypotension, a sudden drop in blood pressure, is a critical medical condition that can lead to severe complications if not promptly addressed. This article delves into the intricacies of acute hypotension, providing a detailed overview of its causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. Acute hypotension is defined as a rapid decline in blood
Acute hepatic porphyria (AHP) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by the accumulation of porphyrins and their precursors in the liver, leading to severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms. This article delves into the intricacies of AHP, providing a detailed overview of its symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. By understanding the complexities
Acute hepatitis C is a viral liver infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is often asymptomatic but can lead to chronic infection if left untreated. This condition is a significant global health concern due to its potential to cause severe liver complications, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. Early detection and appropriate medical
Acute hepatic failure, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, is a rapid loss of liver function, often occurring within days or weeks in individuals without pre-existing liver disease. This condition is life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Pathophysiology Acute hepatic failure occurs when extensive liver