Maintenance of Healing Duodenal Ulcer
A duodenal ulcer is a sore that forms in the first part of the small intestine, known as the duodenum. It occurs due to an…
Maintaining Patency of Indwelling Intravenous Catheter
The patency of an indwelling intravenous (IV) catheter is crucial for effective medication administration, fluid therapy, and patient care. Ensuring an unobstructed flow minimizes complications…
Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion
Macular edema following retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a leading cause of vision impairment, affecting millions worldwide. It occurs when fluid accumulates in the macula…
Macular Edema Associated with Non-Infectious Uveitis
Macular edema is a leading cause of vision impairment in patients with non-infectious uveitis. It occurs when fluid accumulates in the macula, leading to swelling…
Lymphomatous Meningitis
Lymphomatous meningitis (LM), also known as leptomeningeal lymphoma, is a rare but severe complication of systemic or primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. It occurs…
Lymph Node-Positive Colorectal Carcinoma
Lymph node-positive colorectal carcinoma (CRC) occurs when cancer cells spread from the primary tumor in the colon or rectum to nearby lymph nodes. This stage…
Lower Limb Spasticity
Lower limb spasticity is a condition characterized by increased muscle tone, stiffness, and involuntary muscle contractions in the legs. It commonly occurs due to neurological…
Low Cardiac Output: Causes, Symptoms
Low cardiac output (LCO) refers to a condition in which the heart fails to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s metabolic demands. This can…
Local Anesthesia for Urethral Pain
Urethral pain can result from infections, catheterization, urological procedures, or underlying conditions like interstitial cystitis. Local anesthesia is commonly used to manage discomfort by numbing…
Local Anesthesia for Procedures on or Through the Nasal Cavity
Procedures involving the nasal cavity require precise and effective anesthesia to minimize discomfort and optimize surgical outcomes. Local anesthesia is widely used in various nasal…