Pneumococcal Infection
Pneumococcal infection is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a gram-positive bacterium that can lead to a broad range of illnesses, ranging from mild respiratory conditions to…
Pneumococcal Acute Otitis Media
Pneumococcal acute otitis media (AOM) is a common and potentially severe infection of the middle ear, primarily caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is especially prevalent…
Malignant Pleural Effusion
Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) is a serious oncologic condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cancer-related fluid in the pleural cavity. This condition typically indicates…
Pleural Empyema
Pleural empyema, also referred to as empyema thoracis, is the accumulation of pus within the pleural cavity—the space between the lung and the chest wall—typically…
Platysma Bands
Platysma bands are vertical lines or cords that become prominent in the neck region with age. These visible structures are due to the contraction, separation,…
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria Prevention
Plasmodium vivax, a protozoan parasite, presents unique challenges in malaria prevention due to its ability to form hypnozoites—dormant liver-stage parasites capable of causing relapses. These…
Plasmodium Vivax Malaria
Plasmodium vivax is one of the five protozoan species that cause malaria in humans. Unlike the often-deadly Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax malaria is generally less…
Plasmodium ovale Malaria Prevention
Plasmodium ovale malaria poses a unique challenge due to its capacity for relapse through dormant liver stages known as hypnozoites. While it is not as…
Plasmodium ovale Malaria
Plasmodium ovale is one of the five species of Plasmodium known to cause malaria in humans. Though less prevalent than P. falciparum or P. vivax,…
Plasmodium malariae Malaria Prevention
Plasmodium malariae, the causative agent of quartan malaria, continues to persist in various tropical regions despite global malaria reduction efforts. Although typically associated with lower…