Postoperative Pain Management
Effective postoperative pain control in lower extremity orthopedic procedures is essential for functional recovery, early mobilization, and prevention of chronic pain syndromes. Orthopedic surgeries involving…
Postoperative Pain from Lower Abdominal Procedures
Postoperative pain following lower abdominal procedures presents a significant clinical challenge, affecting patient recovery, mobility, and overall satisfaction. Effective assessment and management of this type…
Managing Postoperative Pain from Cesarean Section
Cesarean section (C-section) is a common surgical procedure performed when a vaginal delivery poses risks to the mother or baby. While life-saving, it involves significant…
Postoperative Ocular Pain
Postoperative ocular pain refers to discomfort or pain experienced by patients following eye surgeries, such as cataract removal, glaucoma treatment, or refractive procedures like LASIK.…
Postoperative Ileus
Postoperative ileus (POI) is a temporary impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) motility following surgical procedures, particularly abdominal surgeries. It is a common yet complex complication that…
Postoperative Acute Pain
Postoperative acute pain is a common, expected physiological response following surgical intervention. It typically arises within hours after surgery and lasts up to 7 days,…
Postmenopausal Urethral Atrophy
Postmenopausal urethral atrophy is a component of the broader genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), characterized by estrogen deficiency-induced atrophic changes in the urethra, bladder, and…
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. This condition leads to increased bone fragility…
Postmenopausal Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer
Hormone-dependent breast cancer, also referred to as hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, is characterized by the expression of estrogen receptors (ER) and/or progesterone receptors (PR)…
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common and persistent complication of herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles. It is characterized by chronic neuropathic pain that…