Prevention of Painful Phototoxic Reactions
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare genetic disorder of heme biosynthesis that leads to a buildup of protoporphyrin IX, a compound that can accumulate in…
Prevention of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Oropharyngeal candidiasis, commonly referred to as oral thrush, is a fungal infection primarily caused by Candida albicans. It affects the mucous membranes of the mouth…
Prevention of Oropharyngeal Cancer Due to Human Papillomavirus
Oropharyngeal cancer, a malignancy affecting the middle part of the throat, has increasingly been linked to persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV),…
Prevention of Ocular Surgery-Induced Miosis
Miosis during ocular surgery—particularly cataract procedures—poses significant surgical challenges. Intraoperative miosis refers to the constriction of the pupil that can occur during surgery despite initial…
Prevention of NSAID-Induced Gastric Ulcers
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely prescribed medications for pain and inflammation. Despite their efficacy, they are a leading cause of gastric…
Prevention of Neutropenia from Cancer Chemotherapy
Neutropenia is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of cancer chemotherapy, characterized by a reduction in absolute neutrophil count (ANC), thereby compromising the body's ability…
Prevention of Nerve Agent Poisoning
Nerve agents are among the most lethal chemical warfare substances, classified under organophosphorus compounds. They disrupt the nervous system by irreversibly inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, leading to…
Prevention of Neonatal Ophthalmia (Ophthalmia Neonatorum)
Neonatal ophthalmia, also known as ophthalmia neonatorum, is an acute conjunctival infection occurring within the first 28 days of life. The condition is predominantly caused…
Prevention of Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Infection
Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae, GBS) is a leading cause of severe infections in newborns, including sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. GBS is typically found in…
Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are protective reflexes triggered by the central nervous system in response to a wide variety of stimuli, including gastrointestinal irritation, vestibular dysfunction,…