Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination: Everything You Need to Know
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral brain infection caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), transmitted through mosquito bites. It primarily affects individuals in rural…
Isovaleric Acidemia: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. This enzyme is essential for breaking…
Isosporiasis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Isosporiasis is a parasitic intestinal infection caused by Cystoisospora belli (formerly Isospora belli). It primarily affects the small intestine, leading to persistent diarrhea, dehydration, and…
Iron Toxicity: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Iron toxicity, also known as iron poisoning or iron overload, occurs when excessive iron accumulates in the body, leading to toxic effects. It can be…
Iron deficiency anemia
Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent hematologic disorder characterized by a diminished number of red blood cells due to insufficient iron levels. Iron is a…
Iritis: Causes, Symtoms
Iritis, or anterior uveitis, is the inflammation of the iris—the colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil. This condition can cause discomfort, light sensitivity,…
Iridocyclitis: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Iridocyclitis, also known as anterior uveitis, is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body. It is a common form of uveitis, leading to…
Iodine Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Iodine deficiency is a global health concern, affecting millions and leading to severe thyroid-related disorders. As an essential micronutrient, iodine plays a critical role in…
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species, predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals. It occurs when fungal spores, inhaled into the…
Invasive Bladder Cancer
Invasive bladder cancer is an advanced form of bladder cancer that has spread beyond the inner lining of the bladder into the muscle wall or…