Keloids are raised, thickened areas of scar tissue that extend beyond the original wound’s boundaries. They result from an overproduction of collagen during the healing process. Unlike typical scars, keloids do not regress over time and may continue to grow. Commonly affected areas include the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks, and chest.
Symptoms and Characteristics
Keloids typically present as:
- Appearance: Shiny, hairless, and raised lumps that can be soft, firm, or rubbery in texture.
- Coloration: Varies from reddish, brown, to purplish hues, depending on skin tone.
- Size and Shape: Irregularly shaped and can grow larger than the original wound.
- Sensations: Possible itchiness or discomfort.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of keloid formation remains unclear, but several factors contribute:
- Genetic Predisposition: A family history of keloids increases susceptibility.
- Skin Tone: Individuals with darker skin tones are more prone to keloid development.
- Age: Keloids are more common in individuals under 30.
- Skin Injuries: Events such as acne, piercings, burns, surgical incisions, or minor scratches can trigger keloid formation.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing keloid formation involves:
- Wound Care: Keeping wounds clean and moist, applying gentle ointments, and using pressure dressings as advised.
- Avoiding Unnecessary Skin Trauma: Reconsidering elective procedures like tattoos or piercings if prone to keloids.
- Sun Protection: Shielding healing areas from sun exposure to prevent discoloration.
Treatment Options
Managing keloids can be challenging, and recurrence is possible. Treatment options include:
- Corticosteroid Injections: Monthly injections to flatten the keloid over time.
- Cryotherapy: Freezing small keloids with liquid nitrogen, potentially requiring multiple sessions.
- Laser Therapy: Using pulsed-dye lasers to reduce size and fade color, often combined with other treatments.
- Surgical Removal: Excision of the keloid, typically followed by other therapies to reduce recurrence risk.
- Radiation Therapy: Low-level X-ray radiation applied post-surgery to minimize regrowth.
Keloids are complex scars resulting from an overactive healing process. Understanding risk factors and preventive measures is crucial. While various treatments exist, consulting with a dermatologist is essential to determine the most appropriate approach for individual cases.
